📌 Concept 11: Ethnicity and Race

📌 Concept 11: Ethnicity and Race

Short Note (English)

Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traits such as language, religion, customs, traditions, and a sense of common identity. Ethnic groups see themselves as distinct from others due to cultural heritage (e.g., Bengali, Tamil, Navajo, Kurds).

Race refers to classification of people based on perceived physical characteristics like skin color, hair texture, or facial features. Race is a social construct, not a biological reality, but it has historically been used to justify discrimination and inequality.

সংক্ষিপ্ত নোট (Bengali)

জাতিগত পরিচয় (Ethnicity) হলো মানুষের একটি গোষ্ঠীর সাধারণ সাংস্কৃতিক বৈশিষ্ট্য যেমন—ভাষা, ধর্ম, রীতি-নীতি, ঐতিহ্য ও অভিন্ন পরিচয়ের অনুভূতি। জাতিগোষ্ঠী নিজেদেরকে সংস্কৃতির ভিত্তিতে আলাদা মনে করে। যেমন—বাংলালি, তামিল, নাভাহো, কুর্দি।

জাতি (Race) হলো মানুষের শারীরিক বৈশিষ্ট্যের ভিত্তিতে (যেমন—ত্বকের রং, চুলের গঠন, মুখের আকৃতি) শ্রেণিবিন্যাস। এটি জৈবিক বাস্তবতা নয়, বরং একটি সামাজিক নির্মাণ, যা বৈষম্য ও অসমতা ন্যায্যতা দেওয়ার জন্য ইতিহাসে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

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🔹 10 MCQs on Ethnicity and Race

Q1. Ethnicity is based on:
(a) Physical traits only
(b) Shared cultural traits and identity
(c) Biological inheritance
(d) Genetic mutations
✅ Answer: (b)

Q2. Race is primarily classified on the basis of:
(a) Religion
(b) Language
(c) Physical characteristics
(d) Occupation
✅ Answer: (c)

Q3. Which of the following is an ethnic group?
(a) Whites
(b) Blacks
(c) Bengalis
(d) Europeans
✅ Answer: (c)

Q4. Sociologists view race as:
(a) A biological fact
(b) A natural scientific reality
(c) A social construct
(d) An individual trait
✅ Answer: (c)

Q5. Which of the following is NOT a basis of ethnicity?
(a) Language
(b) Religion
(c) Shared customs
(d) Eye color
✅ Answer: (d)

Q6. Racial classification historically led to:
(a) Equality
(b) Discrimination and inequality
(c) Elimination of culture
(d) End of ethnicity
✅ Answer: (b)

Q7. Ethnicity emphasizes:
(a) Common cultural heritage
(b) Biological superiority
(c) Individual differences only
(d) No social identity
✅ Answer: (a)

Q8. “Race is a social construct” means:
(a) It is created and given meaning by society
(b) It is genetically fixed
(c) It cannot change over time
(d) It has no impact on people
✅ Answer: (a)

Q9. An example of racial categorization is:
(a) African American
(b) Hindu
(c) Bengali
(d) Muslim
✅ Answer: (a)

Q10. Which statement is true?
(a) Ethnicity = physical traits, Race = culture
(b) Ethnicity = culture, Race = physical traits
(c) Both mean the same
(d) Both are biological facts
✅ Answer: (b)

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1. Society – short notes (Eng/Bengali) + 10 MCQs

2. Community – short notes + 10 MCQs

3. Association – short notes + 10 MCQs

4. Institution – short notes + 10 MCQs

5. Organization – short notes + 10 MCQs

6. Status and Role – short notes + 10 MCQs

7. Culture – short notes + 10 MCQs

8. Norms and Values – short notes + 10 MCQs

9. Socialization – short notes + 10 MCQs

10. Social Conformity and Deviance – short notes + 10 MCQs

11. Ethnicity and Race – short notes + 10 MCQs

12. Sex and Gender – short notes + 10 MCQs

👉 That makes a total of 120 MCQs with answers + bilingual short notes.

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Sociological Thought of Auguste Comte — Short Notes & 100 MCQs (with Answers)

Law of Three Stages • Positivism • Social Statics & Dynamics • Hierarchy of Sciences

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Short Notes

• Law of Three Stages: Theological → Metaphysical → Positive.
• Positivism: Valid knowledge comes from observation and experiment.
• Social Statics & Dynamics: Order vs. change and progress.
• Hierarchy of Sciences: Math → Astronomy → Physics → Chemistry → Biology → Sociology.

100 MCQs with Answers