Unit V (e): Changes in Indian Society – 100 MCQs with Answers

Section A: Sanskritization (20 MCQs)

1. The concept of Sanskritization was introduced by—
   a) G.S. Ghurye
   b) M.N. Srinivas ✅
   c) A.R. Desai
   d) Yogendra Singh

2. Sanskritization refers to—
   a) Adoption of tribal culture
   b) Imitation of upper caste practices ✅
   c) Western lifestyle
   d) Urbanization

3. Sanskritization leads to—
   a) Decline of caste
   b) Caste mobility ✅
   c) End of religion
   d) Industrialization

4. Which caste group is usually imitated during Sanskritization?
   a) Dalits
   b) Brahmins ✅
   c) Tribes
   d) Artisans

5. The main instrument of Sanskritization is—
   a) Political power
   b) Rituals & lifestyle ✅
   c) Military strength
   d) Economic reforms

6. Sanskritization often results in—
   a) Removal of caste system
   b) Reinforcement of caste hierarchy ✅
   c) Total equality
   d) Elimination of religion

7. Example of Sanskritization is—
   a) Adoption of Western dress
   b) Wearing sacred thread ✅
   c) Industrial development
   d) Land reforms

8. Which community first showed Sanskritization in South India?
   a) Nadars ✅
   b) Ahirs
   c) Yadavs
   d) Dalits

9. Sanskritization emphasizes—
   a) Political democracy
   b) Cultural imitation ✅
   c) Economic equality
   d) Industrialization

10. Sanskritization may lead to—
    a) Secularization
    b) Cultural homogenization ✅
    c) Religious decline
    d) Urbanization

11. Sanskritization is different from Westernization because—
    a) It uses indigenous cultural models ✅
    b) It copies British culture
    c) It ends caste
    d) It is political only

12. Sanskritization provides—
    a) Social mobility within caste structure ✅
    b) Political independence
    c) Urban migration
    d) Economic modernization

13. Which is not a feature of Sanskritization?
    a) Adoption of vegetarianism
    b) Worship of Brahmanical deities
    c) Wearing of sacred thread
    d) Industrial development ✅

14. Sanskritization usually occurs in—
    a) Rural society ✅
    b) Urban elite
    c) Modern industries
    d) Westernized families

15. Who criticized Sanskritization as reinforcing inequality?
    a) M.N. Srinivas himself ✅
    b) Karl Marx
    c) Max Weber
    d) Emile Durkheim

16. Sanskritization is a process of—
    a) Cultural mobility ✅
    b) Economic liberalization
    c) Political mobilization
    d) Secularization

17. Which movement in Maharashtra reflects Sanskritization?
    a) Dalit Panthers
    b) Kshatriya Movement ✅
    c) Quit India Movement
    d) Swadeshi

18. Sanskritization was studied by M.N. Srinivas among—
    a) Coorgs ✅
    b) Nadars
    c) Ahirs
    d) Jats

19. The drawback of Sanskritization is—
    a) Modernization
    b) Ignoring structural inequality ✅
    c) Decline of religion
    d) Western domination

20. Sanskritization is a—
    a) Religious process ✅
    b) Political process
    c) Economic process
    d) Scientific process

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Section B: Westernization (15 MCQs)

21. Westernization refers to—
    a) Adoption of Brahmin rituals
    b) Adoption of Western culture ✅
    c) Migration to cities
    d) Sanskrit learning

22. Who introduced the concept of Westernization in Indian sociology?
    a) Max Weber
    b) M.N. Srinivas ✅
    c) Karl Marx
    d) Louis Dumont

23. Which reform was a product of Westernization?
    a) Abolition of Sati ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Caste rigidity
    d) Temple entry restriction

24. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was influenced by—
    a) Upanishads only
    b) Western liberal ideas ✅
    c) Sanskritization
    d) Local governance

25. English education in India symbolized—
    a) Westernization ✅
    b) Tribalization
    c) Sanskritization
    d) Land reforms

26. Westernization brought—
    a) Scientific outlook ✅
    b) Strong caste rigidity
    c) Feudal economy
    d) Temple dominance

27. Social reform movements in 19th century were products of—
    a) Sanskritization
    b) Westernization ✅
    c) Tribal customs
    d) Feudalism

28. Which governor introduced English education?
    a) Warren Hastings
    b) Lord Macaulay ✅
    c) Lord Dalhousie
    d) William Bentinck

29. Widow Remarriage Act (1856) was inspired by—
    a) Western humanitarian thought ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Tribal movement
    d) Mughal law

30. Westernization encouraged—
    a) Rationalism ✅
    b) Blind rituals
    c) Caste rigidity
    d) Idolatry

31. The Indian Constitution reflects—
    a) Sanskritization
    b) Western liberalism ✅
    c) Tribal traditions
    d) Feudal law

32. Missionary activities in India are an example of—
    a) Westernization ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Urbanization
    d) Secularization

33. Railways in India symbolized—
    a) Western technology ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Village unity
    d) Religious rituals

34. Which of the following is not a product of Westernization?
    a) Modern law
    b) English language
    c) Caste mobility ✅
    d) Railways

35. Westernization played a major role in—
    a) Cultural pluralism ✅
    b) End of religion
    c) Rural feudalism
    d) Decline of nationalism

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Section C: Modernization (15 MCQs)

36. Modernization means—
    a) Becoming Western
    b) Becoming rational & scientific ✅
    c) Blind imitation of rituals
    d) Decline of democracy

37. Who defined modernization as a process of change towards social, economic and political systems?
    a) Daniel Lerner ✅
    b) Max Weber
    c) Karl Marx
    d) Louis Dumont

38. Modernization in India is often associated with—
    a) Industrialization ✅
    b) Caste rigidity
    c) Village isolation
    d) Sati

39. Green Revolution in India was a product of—
    a) Westernization
    b) Modernization ✅
    c) Sanskritization
    d) Secularization

40. Modernization involves—
    a) Scientific thinking ✅
    b) Blind rituals
    c) Feudal economy
    d) Caste rigidity

41. Which of the following institutions promoted modernization?
    a) Panchayati Raj
    b) Universities ✅
    c) Sanskrit schools
    d) Temples

42. Modernization in politics leads to—
    a) Democratic institutions ✅
    b) Feudal monarchy
    c) Village panchayats only
    d) Tribal law

43. Which sociologist studied modernization in India?
    a) Yogendra Singh ✅
    b) Karl Marx
    c) Herbert Spencer
    d) Radcliffe-Brown

44. Urbanization is a sign of—
    a) Modernization ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Tribalization
    d) Feudalism

45. Modernization weakens—
    a) Rationality
    b) Traditional authority ✅
    c) Science
    d) Industry

46. Spread of mass media contributes to—
    a) Modernization ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Tribal culture
    d) Feudal loyalty

47. Modernization leads to—
    a) Gender equality ✅
    b) Widow burning
    c) Caste rigidity
    d) Slavery

48. Which revolution is linked with modernization?
    a) Information Technology ✅
    b) Tribal revolt
    c) Feudal movement
    d) Caste war

49. Modernization encourages—
    a) Secular outlook ✅
    b) Blind faith
    c) Feudal loyalty
    d) Ritual rigidity

50. Modernization in economy means—
    a) Planned development ✅
    b) Agricultural feudalism
    c) Zamindari
    d) Slavery

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Section D: Secularization (15 MCQs)

51. Secularization refers to—
    a) Decline of religion in public life ✅
    b) Spread of caste
    c) Blind faith
    d) Western domination

52. Who defined secularization as differentiation of secular institutions from religious?
    a) Bryan Wilson ✅
    b) M.N. Srinivas
    c) Karl Marx
    d) Durkheim

53. Secularism in Indian Constitution is based on—
    a) Religious equality ✅
    b) One state religion
    c) Sanskritization
    d) Western domination

54. The Indian model of secularism is—
    a) Equal respect to all religions ✅
    b) No religion allowed
    c) State religion is Hinduism
    d) Christianity dominant

55. Article 25–28 of Indian Constitution deal with—
    a) Secularism ✅
    b) Feudal law
    c) Sanskritization
    d) Panchayati Raj

56. Secularization in education means—
    a) Removal of religious dominance ✅
    b) Focus on rituals
    c) Sanskrit only
    d) Religious textbooks

57. Scientific temper was emphasized by—
    a) Jawaharlal Nehru ✅
    b) Mahatma Gandhi
    c) Max Weber
    d) Louis Dumont

58. Secularization leads to—
    a) Rational thinking ✅
    b) More rituals
    c) Caste rigidity
    d) Religious wars

59. Which movement reflects secular outlook?
    a) Indian National Movement ✅
    b) Sati practice
    c) Temple entry ban
    d) Tribal revolt

60. Secularization differs from atheism because—
    a) It does not deny religion ✅
    b) It abolishes faith
    c) It imposes state religion
    d) It supports one caste

61. Who considered India as a “multi-religious society with secular polity”?
    a) Rajni Kothari ✅
    b) Marx
    c) Weber
    d) Dumont

62. Festivals celebrated by all communities are signs of—
    a) Secularization ✅
    b) Westernization
    c) Tribalization
    d) Feudalism

63. Uniform Civil Code is linked with—
    a) Secularization ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Westernization
    d) Urbanization

64. Secularization separates—
    a) Religion from politics ✅
    b) Ritual from rituals
    c) Law from constitution
    d) Village from cities

65. The main challenge to secularization in India is—
    a) Communalism ✅
    b) Urbanization
    c) Industrialization
    d) Globalization

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Section E: Local Self Government (15 MCQs)

66. The father of local self-government in India is—
    a) Lord Ripon ✅
    b) Lord Dalhousie
    c) Lord Curzon
    d) Macaulay

67. Panchayati Raj was introduced in India under—
    a) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee ✅
    b) Macaulay’s reforms
    c) Rowlatt Act
    d) Non-Cooperation

68. 73rd Constitutional Amendment relates to—
    a) Panchayati Raj ✅
    b) Secularization
    c) Industrial law
    d) Education

69. Local self-government promotes—
    a) Grassroot democracy ✅
    b) Feudal rule
    c) Colonial dominance
    d) Zamindari

70. Gram Sabha is a unit of—
    a) Panchayati Raj ✅
    b) Parliament
    c) Judiciary
    d) Urban corporations

71. Which Article provides for Panchayati Raj?
    a) Article 243 ✅
    b) Article 356
    c) Article 21
    d) Article 15

72. First state to implement Panchayati Raj—
    a) Rajasthan ✅
    b) West Bengal
    c) Maharashtra
    d) Kerala

73. Urban local bodies are provided in—
    a) 74th Amendment ✅
    b) 73rd Amendment
    c) 42nd Amendment
    d) 86th Amendment

74. Local self-government strengthens—
    a) Democratic participation ✅
    b) Centralization
    c) Military power
    d) Colonialism

75. Local self-government in villages was traditionally seen in—
    a) Panchayats ✅
    b) Mughal courts
    c) Zamindars
    d) Tribes only

76. Local governance provides—
    a) Decentralization ✅
    b) Caste mobility
    c) Westernization
    d) Secularism

77. Community development programmes were launched in—
    a) 1952 ✅
    b) 1965
    c) 1975
    d) 1947

78. Nyaya Panchayats deal with—
    a) Local disputes ✅
    b) Parliament laws
    c) Industrial policy
    d) Education

79. District Planning Committee is related to—
    a) Local self-government ✅
    b) Central government
    c) Judiciary
    d) Religious councils

80. Reservation in Panchayati Raj for women is—
    a) 33% ✅
    b) 20%
    c) 50%
    d) 10%

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Section F: Land Reforms & Consequences (20 MCQs)

81. Main aim of land reforms in India was—
    a) Abolition of intermediaries ✅
    b) Feudal strengthening
    c) Zamindari expansion
    d) Colonialism

82. Zamindari system was abolished by—
    a) Land reforms ✅
    b) British Raj
    c) Mughal rulers
    d) Panchayats

83. Land ceiling refers to—
    a) Fixing maximum land ownership ✅
    b) Taxation
    c) Religious donation
    d) Urban planning

84. Bhoodan Movement was started by—
    a) Vinoba Bhave ✅
    b) Mahatma Gandhi
    c) Jawaharlal Nehru
    d) M.N. Roy

85. Green Revolution was linked to—
    a) Agricultural modernization ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Zamindari system
    d) Urbanization

86. Tenancy reforms gave rights to—
    a) Cultivators ✅
    b) Zamindars
    c) Industrialists
    d) Priests

87. The major problem in land reform was—
    a) Poor implementation ✅
    b) Scientific shortage
    c) Population decline
    d) Surplus land

88. Consolidation of land holdings aimed at—
    a) Preventing fragmentation ✅
    b) Increasing zamindari
    c) Urban planning
    d) Forest development

89. Abolition of zamindari benefited—
    a) Tenants & cultivators ✅
    b) Zamindars
    c) Kings
    d) Britishers

90. Which state was pioneer in land reforms?
    a) West Bengal ✅
    b) Punjab
    c) Gujarat
    d) Rajasthan

91. Cooperative farming was aimed at—
    a) Better use of land ✅
    b) Zamindari revival
    c) Religious rituals
    d) Urban industry

92. Which Act in India abolished Zamindari?
    a) Zamindari Abolition Act (1951) ✅
    b) Panchayat Act
    c) Constitution Act
    d) Industrial Act

93. Consequence of land reforms was—
    a) Rise of peasant proprietors ✅
    b) Strong zamindars
    c) Colonial economy
    d) Slavery

94. Agricultural productivity increased due to—
    a) Green Revolution ✅
    b) Sanskritization
    c) Zamindari
    d) Feudalism

95. The main weakness of land reform—
    a) Political resistance ✅
    b) Overpopulation
    c) Urbanization
    d) Industrialization

96. Ceiling surplus land was distributed to—
    a) Landless peasants ✅
    b) Zamindars
    c) Urban elites
    d) Bureaucrats

97. In Kerala, land reforms resulted in—
    a) Tenant ownership ✅
    b) Caste rigidity
    c) Slavery
    d) Urbanization

98. Land reforms sought to achieve—
    a) Social justice ✅
    b) Caste dominance
    c) Religious rituals
    d) Westernization

99. Which commission studied land reforms?
    a) Kumarappa Committee ✅
    b) Mandal Commission
    c) Simon Commission
    d) Kothari Commission

100. Land reforms weakened—
     a) Feudal structure ✅
     b) Peasant rights
     c) Village unity
     d) Panchayati Raj

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✅ 100 MCQs with answers complete