(G) Rural and Urban Society in India and Its Emerging Issues.
100 MCQs with Answers
Section (f) Caste and Tribe – Concept, Characteristics, Changing Perspective (34 MCQs).png)
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Section (f) Caste and Tribe – Concept, Characteristics, Changing Perspective (34 MCQs
-
Who defined caste as “a collection of families bearing a common name”?
a) M.N. Srinivas
b) Herbert Risley ✅
c) G.S. Ghurye
d) A.R. Desai -
“Caste is a closed system of stratification.” This was emphasized by—
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) MacIver & Page ✅
d) M.N. Srinivas -
The four-fold Varna system is described in—
a) Rig Veda ✅
b) Upanishads
c) Manusmriti
d) Arthashastra -
Who among the following called caste “segmental division of society”?
a) Max Weber
b) G.S. Ghurye ✅
c) M.N. Srinivas
d) Louis Dumont -
The concept of “Purity and Pollution” in caste hierarchy was highlighted by—
a) G.S. Ghurye
b) Louis Dumont ✅
c) Karl Marx
d) Radcliffe Brown -
Jajmani system in rural India was based on—
a) Money economy
b) Caste-based exchange of services ✅
c) Industrial relations
d) Land reforms -
“Dominant Caste” theory is given by—
a) M.N. Srinivas ✅
b) Ghurye
c) Louis Dumont
d) Yogendra Singh -
Which tribe is considered as “the largest tribe of India”?
a) Gond ✅
b) Bhil
c) Santhal
d) Toda -
The word ‘Tribe’ is derived from Latin word—
a) Tri ✅
b) Tribu
c) Tribus
d) Trio -
Who described Indian tribes as “Backward Hindus”?
a) G.S. Ghurye ✅
b) D.N. Majumdar
c) Verrier Elwin
d) M.N. Srinivas -
Which of the following is NOT a feature of caste?
a) Endogamy
b) Occupational mobility ✅
c) Hereditary status
d) Social hierarchy -
In which schedule of the Indian Constitution are Scheduled Tribes listed?
a) First
b) Second
c) Fifth ✅
d) Sixth -
The concept of “Sanskritization” is related to—
a) Tribes
b) Castes ✅
c) Urban society
d) Modernization -
Who studied the “Bastar tribes” extensively?
a) Verrier Elwin ✅
b) Ghurye
c) Srinivas
d) Dumont -
Who emphasized the “Integration of Tribes” instead of isolation?
a) G.S. Ghurye ✅
b) Elwin
c) Majumdar
d) Dube -
Endogamy means—
a) Marriage outside caste
b) Marriage within caste ✅
c) Intercaste marriage
d) Widow remarriage -
Which constitutional Article provides for the protection of Scheduled Tribes?
a) Article 15
b) Article 46 ✅
c) Article 370
d) Article 19 -
Who classified tribes as “hilly and plain dwellers”?
a) Elwin
b) Majumdar ✅
c) Ghurye
d) Dube -
Caste Panchayat traditionally functioned as—
a) Village headman
b) Caste governing council ✅
c) Gram Sabha
d) Police -
Which tribal group practices “Jhumming cultivation”?
a) Santhal
b) Naga ✅
c) Bhil
d) Gond -
Which theory explains caste as “Brahminical religious ideology”?
a) Materialist
b) Ideological theory ✅
c) Marxist
d) Evolutionary -
Louis Dumont’s book on caste is—
a) Homo Hierarchicus ✅
b) Caste in India
c) Caste and Class
d) Religion and Society -
Who described caste as a “Brahminical creation to maintain superiority”?
a) Ambedkar ✅
b) Ghurye
c) Elwin
d) Marx -
Which tribe is famous for its “Dandami Maria dance”?
a) Santhal
b) Gond ✅
c) Bhil
d) Toda -
Which is the main feature of tribal society?
a) Industrialization
b) Simple technology ✅
c) Complex division of labour
d) Class system -
Who gave the concept of “Caste Mobility”?
a) Srinivas ✅
b) Dumont
c) Risley
d) Ghurye -
Which tribe is known as “coffee cultivators” in Karnataka?
a) Todas
b) Kurumbas
c) Coorgs ✅
d) Santals -
The “Aryan invasion theory” is often linked to the origin of—
a) Varna system ✅
b) Tribal groups
c) Bhakti movement
d) Buddhism -
Who defined caste as “a system of stratification based on birth”?
a) Risley
b) Ghurye ✅
c) Srinivas
d) Dumont -
Which tribal leader led the Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)?
a) Birsa Munda
b) Sidhu and Kanhu ✅
c) Tantia Bhil
d) Tilka Manjhi -
The Bhil tribe is largely concentrated in—
a) Rajasthan ✅
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Assam
d) West Bengal -
Which caste was traditionally associated with priesthood?
a) Kshatriya
b) Brahmin ✅
c) Vaishya
d) Shudra -
Who considered caste as “an institution of social control”?
a) MacIver ✅
b) Dumont
c) Srinivas
d) Weber -
Which sociologist emphasized on “Little and Great Traditions” in caste and tribes?
a) Robert Redfield ✅
b) Srinivas
c) Ghurye
d) Dumont
Section (g) Rural and Urban Society in India & Emerging Issues (33 MCQs)
-
Who described Indian villages as “Little Republics”?
a) Charles Metcalfe ✅
b) Karl Marx
c) M.N. Srinivas
d) Dube -
Green Revolution mainly benefited—
a) Small farmers
b) Rich farmers ✅
c) Landless labourers
d) Tribals -
Panchayati Raj was first introduced in India in—
a) 1947
b) 1952 ✅
c) 1962
d) 1975 -
Which committee is associated with Panchayati Raj?
a) Ashok Mehta ✅
b) Balwant Rai Mehta
c) Kothari
d) Mandal -
Who introduced the concept of “dominant caste in villages”?
a) M.N. Srinivas ✅
b) Dube
c) Dumont
d) Majumdar -
Rural unemployment in India is largely due to—
a) Seasonal agriculture ✅
b) Over-industrialization
c) Lack of education
d) Excessive trade -
Which scheme is related to rural employment guarantee?
a) MGNREGA ✅
b) SGSY
c) IRDP
d) PMGSY -
The main feature of urban society is—
a) Primary relations
b) Secondary relations ✅
c) Kinship ties
d) Joint family -
The term “urbanism as a way of life” is associated with—
a) Redfield
b) Louis Wirth ✅
c) Weber
d) Srinivas -
Slums are associated mainly with—
a) Rural poverty
b) Urbanization ✅
c) Land reforms
d) Green revolution -
Smart Cities Mission was launched in—
a) 2010
b) 2015 ✅
c) 2020
d) 2005 -
Rural society in India is mainly—
a) Agrarian ✅
b) Industrial
c) Nomadic
d) Urbanized -
Which sociologist studied Rampura village?
a) M.N. Srinivas ✅
b) Ghurye
c) Yogendra Singh
d) Elwin -
Migration from rural to urban areas is mainly due to—
a) Religious factors
b) Economic opportunities ✅
c) Political movements
d) Education -
“Urban sprawl” means—
a) Rapid expansion of cities ✅
b) Village decline
c) Industrial stagnation
d) Overcrowding -
Who introduced the concept of “folk-urban continuum”?
a) Robert Redfield ✅
b) Srinivas
c) Ghurye
d) Weber -
The “Chawl system” of housing is associated with—
a) Mumbai ✅
b) Kolkata
c) Delhi
d) Chennai -
The “rurban” concept is related to—
a) Semi-urban areas ✅
b) Rural isolation
c) Urban decay
d) Tribal regions -
Which city is known as “Silicon Valley of India”?
a) Hyderabad
b) Bengaluru ✅
c) Pune
d) Chennai -
Urban informal sector includes—
a) Factory workers
b) Street vendors ✅
c) Bank employees
d) IT professionals -
Rural indebtedness is mainly due to—
a) Moneylenders ✅
b) Government banks
c) NGOs
d) Self-help groups -
Which Act provides reservation for women in Panchayats?
a) 73rd Amendment ✅
b) 74th Amendment
c) 42nd Amendment
d) 44th Amendment -
Which sociologist studied “urban ecology”?
a) Park and Burgess ✅
b) Weber
c) Srinivas
d) Dumont -
“Over-urbanization” means—
a) Industrial growth
b) Urban growth without adequate jobs ✅
c) Rural decline
d) Population control -
Which of the following is a rural development programme?
a) IRDP ✅
b) SEZ
c) IT Act
d) FDI -
The major issue of Indian cities is—
a) Air pollution ✅
b) Over-farming
c) Illiteracy
d) Untouchability -
The “growth pole” theory is related to—
a) Urban planning ✅
b) Caste studies
c) Tribal integration
d) Kinship -
Which sociologist coined “Overlapping social circles” in urban society?
a) Georg Simmel ✅
b) Weber
c) Wirth
d) Marx -
Which Indian city is called the “Millennium City”?
a) Noida
b) Gurgaon ✅
c) Pune
d) Hyderabad -
Slumdog Millionaire portrayed the slums of—
a) Mumbai ✅
b) Delhi
c) Kolkata
d) Chennai
Section (h) Indian Social Problems (Population, Poverty, Illiteracy, Unemployment) – 33 MCQs
-
Which census year is known for the term “Population Explosion” in India?
a) 1901
b) 1951 ✅
c) 1971
d) 1991 -
India’s population crossed 1 billion in—
a) 1991
b) 2001 ✅
c) 2011
d) 1981 -
Which is the most populous state in India?
a) Maharashtra
b) Uttar Pradesh ✅
c) Bihar
d) West Bengal -
The Malthusian theory is related to—
a) Over-population ✅
b) Education
c) Poverty
d) Employment -
Demographic dividend refers to—
a) High youth population ✅
b) Old-age dependency
c) Decline in fertility
d) Gender balance -
Which programme was launched in 1952 to control population?
a) Family Planning ✅
b) NREGA
c) Mid-Day Meal
d) ICDS -
Below Poverty Line (BPL) classification is based on—
a) Income criteria ✅
b) Caste
c) Education
d) Housing -
Who defined poverty as “relative deprivation”?
a) Peter Townsend ✅
b) Amartya Sen
c) Karl Marx
d) Weber -
The Tendulkar Committee (2009) is related to—
a) Poverty estimation ✅
b) Education policy
c) Land reforms
d) Tribal policy -
Which state in India has highest poverty ratio?
a) Bihar ✅
b) Kerala
c) Punjab
d) Maharashtra -
Human Poverty Index was developed by—
a) UNDP ✅
b) UNESCO
c) WHO
d) IMF -
Which sociologist studied poverty in Bombay textile workers?
a) Jan Breman ✅
b) Srinivas
c) Ghurye
d) Dumont -
Illiteracy is defined as persons above age—
a) 5 years
b) 7 years ✅
c) 10 years
d) 15 years -
Which state has the highest literacy in India?
a) Kerala ✅
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Goa
d) Delhi -
National Literacy Mission was launched in—
a) 1988 ✅
b) 1992
c) 1980
d) 2001 -
Which programme is related to primary education?
a) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan ✅
b) MGNREGA
c) ICDS
d) PMGSY -
Unemployment in India is mainly—
a) Structural ✅
b) Seasonal
c) Disguised
d) All of these -
Which economist defined unemployment as “disguised labour”?
a) Joan Robinson ✅
b) Keynes
c) Marx
d) Weber -
Unemployment rate is measured by—
a) NSSO ✅
b) Census
c) Election Commission
d) RBI -
Which scheme provides 100 days employment?
a) MGNREGA ✅
b) SGSY
c) PMRY
d) TRYSEM -
Frictional unemployment is due to—
a) Job shifting ✅
b) Technology
c) Poverty
d) Illiteracy -
Which state has the highest unemployment rate in recent years?
a) Kerala ✅
b) Gujarat
c) Punjab
d) Assam -
“Right to Work” is mentioned in—
a) DPSP ✅
b) Fundamental Rights
c) Preamble
d) Fundamental Duties -
Poverty and unemployment together are called—
a) Vicious circle ✅
b) Modernization
c) Secularization
d) Ruralization -
Who introduced the “Capability Approach” to poverty?
a) Amartya Sen ✅
b) Karl Marx
c) Weber
d) Rostow -
Absolute poverty line in India is fixed by—
a) Planning Commission (NITI Aayog) ✅
b) RBI
c) Census
d) Election Commission -
The unemployment rate is highest among—
a) Educated youth ✅
b) Illiterates
c) Rural women
d) Old age people -
Which Indian programme targets urban poverty?
a) NULM ✅
b) SGSY
c) ICDS
d) Midday meal -
Child labour is directly related to—
a) Poverty ✅
b) Urbanization
c) Secularization
d) Modernization -
The concept of “informal sector unemployment” was popularized by—
a) Keith Hart ✅
b) Amartya Sen
c) Wirth
d) Dumont -
Which is the most densely populated state in India?
a) Bihar ✅
b) Maharashtra
c) Kerala
d) Punjab -
“Population trap” concept is given by—
a) Gunnar Myrdal ✅
b) Marx
c) Rostow
d) Keynes -
Which slogan is related to population control in India?
a) Hum Do, Hamare Do ✅
b) Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan
c) Garibi Hatao
d) Beti Bachao
✅ 100 MCQs with Answers complete
Sociological Thought of Auguste Comte — Short Notes & 100 MCQs (with Answers)
Short Notes
- Law of Three Stages: Theological → Metaphysical → Positive.
- Positivism: Valid knowledge comes from observation and experiment.
- Social Statics & Dynamics: Order vs. change and progress.
- Hierarchy of Sciences: Math → Astronomy → Physics → Chemistry → Biology → Sociology.
100 MCQs with Answers
Sociological Thought of Auguste Comte — Short Notes & 100 MCQs (with Answers)
Short Notes
- Law of Three Stages: Theological → Metaphysical → Positive.
- Positivism: Valid knowledge comes from observation and experiment.
- Social Statics & Dynamics: Order vs. change and progress.
- Hierarchy of Sciences: Math → Astronomy → Physics → Chemistry → Biology → Sociology.
100 MCQs with Answers
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