Short note + 30 objective questions with answers (MCQs) on (e) Techniques of Data Collection in Research Methodology

 

Techniques of Data Collection

Meaning: Data collection refers to the systematic process of gathering information from different sources to answer research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

Types:

• Primary Data Collection: Data collected directly from the source (surveys, interviews, observations, experiments).
• Secondary Data Collection: Data obtained from existing sources (books, journals, government reports, online databases).

Techniques:

• Observation
• Interview
• Questionnaire/Survey
• Schedule Method
• Case Study
• Content/Document Analysis
• Experimentation

Importance: Ensures reliability, validity, and relevance of research findings.

30 Objective Questions with Answers

1. What is data collection?

Systematic gathering of information for research.

2. Data collected directly from respondents is called?

Primary data.

3. Data taken from books and reports is called?

Secondary data.

4. Which method uses face-to-face questioning?

Interview method.

5. Which method is cheapest for large samples?

Questionnaire/survey.

6. Which method is suitable for illiterate respondents?

Schedule or interview.

7. Direct watching of behavior is called?

Observation.

8. Which technique studies one unit deeply?

Case study.

9. Using experiments to collect data is called?

Experimental method.

10. Content analysis deals with?

Documents, texts, media.

11. Census survey is an example of?

Schedule method.

12. Telephone interview is a type of?

Interview method.

13. Online Google forms are a type of?

Questionnaire survey.

14. Which technique provides first-hand data?

Primary data collection.

15. Which method saves most time?

Secondary data collection.

16. Participant observation means?

Observer joins the group studied.

17. Non-participant observation means?

Observer watches without involvement.

18. An example of secondary data source?

Census reports, journals.

19. Which method may have interviewer bias?

Interview method.

20. Which is the most flexible data collection method?

Interview.

21. Which method has low response rate?

Mailed questionnaire.

22. Case study is widely used in?

Psychology and Sociology.

23. Which technique is best for cause-effect studies?

Experimental method.

24. Document analysis is also called?

Content analysis.

25. Observation gives data that is?

Natural and real-time.

26. Which data type is more accurate?

Primary data.

27. Which data type is less costly?

Secondary data.

28. Which method allows cross-checking of answers?

Interview method.

29. Which method is prone to non-response error?

Questionnaire.

30. Data collection is essential for?

Testing hypothesis and drawing conclusions.